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Islamic Army redirects here. For the Palestinian militant group, see Palestinian Army of Islam.
The
Islamic Army in Iraq (IAI) (
Arabic: الجيش الإسلامي في العراق
,al jaysh al islāmi fī'l-`irāq) is one of a number of underground
Baathist and
Islamism militant (or
mujahideen) organizations formed in Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq by
United States and
coalition military forces, and the subsequent collapse of the Baathist government headed by
Saddam Hussein.
Although it carries an Islamic title, the group is appears mix Islamism with
nationalism, and is thought to be the largest militant group that consists of former Baathists and has been labelled as "resistance" by Iraq's Sunni Islam
Vice-President Tariq al-Hashemi despite regular attacks against Iraqi soldiers and policemen, as well as
Shia Islam militias such as the Mahdi Army and the Badr Organization.
Roots and ideology
The precise details about the emergence of the IAI are unclear, although it is generally assumed that the group was established sometime during the summer of 2003 to fight
coalition forces.
When it first formed it appeared to have the same ideologies as al-Qaeda, mainly because it used kidnapping as a means of pursuing its goals. The group also threatened to target the January 2005 elections, although it didn't carry out any such attack. However, other events have lead people to believe that IAI is different from al-Qaeda, and that it has some kind of a trend towards the Muslim Brotherhood movement.
Unlike most
resistance movement organizations today the IAI does not have
Salafism tendencies, its primary focus and goal being the expulsion of foreign troops from Iraq. A November 2004
Washington Post interview with the group's leader, Ishmael Jubouri, stated that the IAI was predominantly comprised of
Iraqis (
Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds, and
Arabs) trying to force foreign troops out of Iraq. The
Terrorism Monitor put out by The Jamestown Foundation confirms some of what Jubouri was claiming. In a March 2005 article it states the group is composed primarily of Sunnis with a much smaller, but still present, Shiite congregation and, in general, is " inclusive Islamic organization with Iraqi nationalist tendencies."
In a Nov. 2006
al-Jazeera interview, spokesman Ibrahim al-Shamary expanded on who the IAI considers foreign troops, "
There are two occupations in Iraq. Iran on one side through the militias which they control and through direct involvement with the national guard and the intelligence services, that causes the killing and destruction of the Sunnis... And then there is the United States occupation which destroys the Iraqi people."
The group has released several joint statements with other groups such as Islamic Resistance Movement (Iraq) and the Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance, which are known to be of an Muslim Brotherhood background. In one of these joint statements, six groups (including the IAI) called for Iraqis to participate in the referendum on the October 2005 constitution by voting against it. (This was in conspicuous contrast to al-Qaeda in Iraq, which said that simply participating in voting is a compromise of the basic fundamentals of Islam, even if one were to vote against it.)
When rumours spread in Iraq of the alleged demolition of the al-Aqsa Mosque, in April 2005 the IAI announced the formation of the "al-Aqsa Support Division." This group was to support the Palestinians in their armed struggle against
Israel. The current status of the al-Aqsa Support Division is unknown, leading people to believe that the statement was merely
rhetoric.
Foreign hostages
The group was responsible for the abduction of the following persons who were released unharmed:
The IAI is believed responsible for the execution of the following foreigners:
- Enzo Baldoni, Italy journalist killed on or about August 26, 2004.
- Raja Azad (49), engineer, and Sajad Naeem (29), his driver, Pakistani nationals working in Iraq for a Kuwaiti-based firm killed on or about July 28, 2004.
- Dalibor Lazarevski, Dragan Markovic, and Zoran Naskovski, nationals of Republic of Macedonia, working for United Arab Emirates-based Soufan Engineering on contracts and subcontracts for the U.S. military and its private contractors. The three were seized in August 2004 and the Macedonian government confirmed their execution by October 21, 2004; receipt of videos depicting two beheadings were announced, but not broadcast, on al-Jazeera TV on October 17, 2004.
- Ronald Schulz, American contract electrician, killed around December 8, 2005.
Other activities
The Islamic Army in Iraq claimed responsibility for the
September 1, 2004,
assassination attempt against Iraqi politician Ahmed Chalabi, leader of the Iraqi National Congress, in which two of his bodyguards were killed, two were wounded and two went missing (the IAI admitted capturing one of Chalabi's bodyguards and executing the other), and Chalabi escaped unharmed.
On 22 April, the IAI released a video of their members killing a
Bulgarian "mercenary" who survived after the downing of his helicopter. He was helped to his feet and then shot with 27 rounds of ammunition. The group also claims to have shot down a commercial
airliner in Iraq, although officials maintain the accident was caused by
fog. The crash killed 34 people.
In 2006 videos were released of their snipers killing
coalition forces. The
nom de guerre of the IAI sniper(s) is "Juba (sniper)". These sniper videos were distributed for free to Iraqi citizens on CDs as part of a propaganda, recruiting campaign and as a means of waging
psychological warfare on coalition forces. Islamic Army videos of attacks on US-led coalition forces are aired on the al-Zawraa TV channel, which is banned in Iraq.
In early 2007 the Islamic Army engaged in an armed conflict against al-Qaeda in Iraq. In June, this ended in a ceasefire between the two rival groups. The IAI was quoted saying
"The most important thing is that it's our common duty to fight the Americans;" nevertheless, the groups never adopted al-Qaeda's philosophy and refused to sign on to the al-Qaeda-led
Islamic State of Iraq.
See also
- Ansar al-Islam
- Ansar al-Sunna
External links
- Athena Intelligence Advanced Research Network on Insurgency and Terrorism
- Islamic Army in Iraq Videos, Pictures, Documents. Also see crude live translation into English of the IAI web site on Google.
- Iraqresitance.net
- vision du USA Labour against war
- Arabic article (by Al-Jazeera) on insurgency/resistance groups
- Interview with IAI's current leader Ishmael Jubouri
- Profile on the Islamic Army in Iraq and other terrorist organizations
- Post-Election Terrorist Trends in Iraq March 10, 2005
- CBS:Purported Al-Zarqawi Tape Surfaces
- IAI Translations
- IAI Translations
Islamic Army in Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Islamic Army in Iraq (IAI) (Arabic: الجيش الإسلامي في العراق,al jaysh al islāmi fī'l-`irāq) is one of a number of underground Baathist and Islamist ...
Islamic Army in Iraq - What does IAI stand for? Acronyms and ...
Acronym Definition; IAI: Infection And Immunity (journal) IAI: International Alliance for Interoperability: IAI: Institut für Angewandte Informatik: IAI: Inter-American Institute ...
Islamic army in Iraq - Home Page
Islamic army in Iraq english offical website, Jaish al-Islami in Iraq ... Latest Important Statements 12-9 IAI/ Jihad Quake, Watch ... Eight mortar shells on US headquarter Mosul ...
The Jawa Report: Army of Ansar al-Sunnah & Islamic Army in Iraq ...
November 12, 2004 Army of Ansar al-Sunnah & Islamic Army in Iraq Confirm Working with Zarqawi. UPDATE: This is an archive page. For the latest information on terrorist communiques ...
Middle East Online
First Published 2005-01-03 Will insurgency goes beyond Iraq? Islamic Army in Iraq threatens attacks in US Mujahedeen vow in statement to give American civilians taste of what ...
Communiqué from the Islamic Army in Iraq (IAI)
2006 Evan Kohlmann ( http://www.globalterroralert.com - info@globalterroralert.com ) Communiqué from the Islamic Army in Iraq (IAI) April 6, 2006 "The Islamic Army in Iraq (IAI)
Islamic Army of Iraq splits from al Qaeda - The Long War Journal
The largest Sunni insurgent group has severed ties with al Qaeda and its Islamic State of Iraq; Sunni religious leaders oppose al Qaeda
IntelCenter - Islamic Army in Iraq DVD Titles
Islamic Army in Iraq Videos Vol. 1 - The 4th Edition Islamic Army in Iraq Videos Vol. 2 - The 6th Edition - NEW Islamic Army in Iraq Videos Vol. 3 - Baghdad Sniper:
Al-Jaysh al-Islami fi Iraq ("The Islamic Army in Iraq") on the ...
2004 Evan Kohlmann ( http://www.globalterroralert.com - info@globalterroralert.com ) Al-Jaysh al-Islami fi Iraq ("The Islamic Army in Iraq") on the Upcoming Iraqi Democratic ...
American Hostage Ronald Schulz Killed By The Islamic Army In Iraq ...
Update: December 19, 2005 See: Video Of American Hostage Ronald Schulz Execution By Islamic Army In Iraq Released A message posted to a known terrorist website says that Ronald ...